國中數理資賦優異學生生活壓力與因應方式之研究

The Study of Life Stress and Coping Strategies of Gifted Students with Mathematics and Science in Junior High School

本研究旨在瞭解南部地區國中數理資優學生生活壓力及其因應方 式之現況。經過文獻探討分析，採用問卷調查法(questionnaire survey)， 研究工具為研究者自編「國中資優生生活知覺及其因應方式量表」，研 究對象為103 學年度南部地區國中一至三年級數理資優學生，發出問 卷301 份，得有效樣本269 份。問卷進行量化分析，使用描述性統計、 獨立樣本t 考驗、單因子變異數分析(one-way ANOVA)、皮爾森積差相 關(Pearson correlation)，依據資料統計分析結果，得到以下結論： 一、南區國中數理資優生的生活壓力程度傾向趨於輕微，其壓力來源 以「升學政策壓力」最為沉重，而以「友伴互動壓力」感受的壓 力程度為最低。 二、南區國中數理資優生的生活壓力因應策略使用頻率介於偶爾使用 與經常使用之間，以「積極因應」為最常使用之因應方式，而以 「行為脫離」因應方式使用頻率最低。 三、南區國中數理資優生在壓力知覺方面，三年級在「升學政策壓力」 顯著高於一年級；嘉義地區的數理資優生在「身心成長」上的生 活壓力感受程度大於臺南地區與高雄地區的數理資優生；嘉義地 區的數理資優生在「同儕互動」上的生活壓力感受程度大於高雄 地區的數理資優生；嘉義地區的數理資優生在「整體生活壓力」 上的生活壓力感受程度大於高雄地區的數理資優生。四、不同區域之南部地區數理資優生在「問題取向的因應」、「情緒取向的因應」方面，臺南地區的數理資優生使用頻率大於嘉義地區與高雄地區的數理資優生；在「較無效用的因應」上，臺南地區的數理資優生使用頻率大於嘉義地區。對「整體因應方式」而言，臺南地區的數理資優生使用頻率大於嘉義地區與高雄地區的數理資優生。五、不同性別之南部地區數理資優生在「心智脫離」方面，男性數理資優生的使用頻率大於女性數理資優生。六、各層面壓力感受越高，越常採用「較無效用」的因應策略。

The purpose of this study is to understand the stress for gifted junior high students in southern Taiwan and their ways to cope with stress. After analysis of the relevant literatures， questionnaire survey， a research tool， is adopted. The tool used is “The scale of junior high gifted students’ perceived stress and ways to cope with stress”. The participants were 301 gifted junior high students with mathematics and science in southern Taiwan. All of the collected data were questionnaire quantitative analyzed by descriptive statistics， independent sample t-test， analysis of single-factor change between the number (one-way ANOVA)， Pearson correlation (Pearson correlation). Based on the results of statistical analysis， the following conclusions are reached. 1. Gifted junior high students with mathematics and science in southern Taiwan tends to perceive slight pressure in the overall level. The main source of stress was from “Enrollment policy”， while “peer interaction” was the last source of stress. 2. The frequency of the use of stress coping strategies of the junior high school gifted students with mathematics and science in southern Taiwan was between sometimes and usually. The most frequently used coping strategies by all students were Active Coping Strategies. The least frequently used ones were Mental Disengagement Strategies. 3. In southern Taiwan， Ninth grade junior high gifted students with mathematics and science who had Enrollment policy Stress was higher than seventh grade junior high school gifted student with mathematics and science. Junior high gifted students with mathematics and science in Chiayi had Physical and Mental growth Stress was higher than Junior high gifted students with mathematics and science in Tainan and Kaohsiung. Junior high gifted students with mathematics and science in Chiayi had Peer Interaction Stress was higher than junior high gifted students with mathematics and science in Kaohsiung. Junior high gifted students with mathematics and science in Chiayi had higher life stress than junior high gifted students with mathematics and science in Kaohsiung. 4. Junior high gifted students with mathematics and science in Tainan used more Problem-focused Coping Strategies and Emotion-focused Coping Strategies than junior high gifted students with mathematics and science in Kaohsiung and Chiayi .Junior high gifted students with mathematics and science in Tainan used more Less Useful Strategies Coping than junior high gifted students with mathematics and science in Chiayi. Junior high gifted students with mathematics and science in Tainan used more Coping Strategies than junior high gifted students with mathematics and science in Kaohsiung and Chiayi. 5. Girls used more mental disengagement Strategies than boys. 6. Junior high gifted students with mathematics and science in southern Taiwan who had more life stress used Less Useful Strategies more often. According to the above conclusions， this study offers suggestions for school， parents and junior high school gifted students with mathematics and science about educational guidance， counseling reference and further studies of junior high school for gifted students with mathematics and science.