機構高血壓老人預防跌倒行為相關因素之探討

A Study of the Factors Correlated to Fall Prevention Behaviors of Institutionalized Elderly Adults with Hypertension

目的：在了解機構高血壓老人預防跌倒行為與影響其行為之相關因素。研究設計：為橫斷式調查研究，隨機抽取台北縣市三家機構老人為研究對象，共108人。研究工具：為結構式問卷，包含個人基本資料、預防跌倒知識量表、預防跌倒健康信念量表、預防跌倒自我效能量表、預防跌倒社會支持量表、預防跌倒的資源、最近半年運動情形以及預防跌倒行為量表等部份。問卷資料以SPSS15.0統計軟體進行分析，採用次數、百分比、標準差、平均數、ANOVA、逐步多元迴歸等統計方法。結果：(1)與預防跌倒行為有顯著相關的因素為跌倒次數、預防跌倒自我效能、預防跌倒之重要他人支持態度、預防跌倒資訊之獲得以及有固定運動行為；(2)逐步多元迴歸結果發現重要他人支持態度、預防跌倒自我效能及最近半年運動情形為機構高血壓老人預防跌倒行為之預測因素，可解釋25.5％的變異量，其中以重要他人支持態度的解釋力最大。結論：機構高血壓老人預防跌倒行為之預測因子為預防跌倒自我效能、重要他人支持態度及最近半年運動情形。本研究結果，可做為未來健康促進計畫者研擬老人預防跌倒計畫的依據。

This study is to understand the fall prevention behaviors of institutionalized elderly adults with hypertension and the relevant factors that influence such behaviors. Study design: A cross-sectional survey was designed with a total of 108 randomly selected elderly from three institutions in Taipei as the subjects. The study tools used were structured questionnaires including personal profiles and scales for the following: knowledge of fall prevention, health beliefs of fall prevention, self-efficacy for fall prevention, social support of important others for fall prevention and behaviors concerning fall prevention. Questionnaire data was analyzed with SPSS15.0 statistical software and several statistical methods including frequency, percentage, standard deviation, mean, ANOVA and stepwise multiple regression. The study findings indicate the following. (1) Markedly relevant factors for fall prevention behaviors are: frequency of falls, self-efficacy for fall prevention, support of important others for fall prevention, obtainment of information about fall prevention and regular exercise behaviors. (2) The results of stepwise multiple regression reveal that the support of important others for fall prevention, self-efficacy for fall prevention and exercise conditions in last six months are forecast factors for the fall prevention behaviors of institutionalized elderly adults. These can explain up to 25.5% of variance and among them, the support of important others for fall prevention has the greatest explanatory power(R square=.255, F=11.795, P＜.05). Conclusion: Forecast factors for the fall prevention behaviors of institutionalized elderly adults are self-efficacy for fall prevention, the support of important others for fall prevention and exercise conditions in last six months. The findings of the study may be used as basis for health promotion planners in devising fall prevention plans for the elderly.