英文字典中與「恐懼」相關的情緒詞研究

Emotion Words Related to 'Fear' in English Dictionaries

Emotion words are widely discussed both linguistically and extralinguistically. To understand more about the nature of emotion and how people categorize the emotions, the present paper investigates English emotion words by focusing on fear related words and expressions. Data are drawn from English dictionaries and analyzed in terms of cognitive linguistics. This study asks two research questions: (1) why fear is more basic than others and what are possible subordinates of them in English dictionaries? (2) what is the relationship between fear metaphors and orientational image schema? The results show that fear in English dictionaries has a hierarchical structure, in which fear is the basic word and other synonyms are its subordinates. Also, fear expressions making use of metaphors are closely associated with orientation image schema. Through the discussion, our study provides a better understanding about the relationship between language and emotions.本篇論文研究目的在於用認知語言學的觀點來探討英文字典中的英文情緒詞，主要著力於與「恐懼」相關的情緒詞。基於此目的，本篇提出兩個研究問題：（1）在英文字典中，為什麼「恐懼」相較於其它情緒詞更為基本（basic），其下層詞（subordinates）為何？（2）「恐懼」隱喻相關詞和方向性意象基模（orientational image schema）的關係為何？本文研究顯示「恐懼」在英文字典中有著階層式結構，其中「恐懼」位於基本層（basic level），其它同義字為下層詞（subordinates）；再者，與「恐懼」相關的隱喻（metaphor）慣用語和方向性意象基模（orientational image schema）的關係緊密，經本文的討論可對情緒的本質和情緒詞的分類有進一步的認識。