我國高級中學中途離校學生現況之調查分析

An Investigation of the Problems of High School Dropouts in the Republic of China

學生中途離校現象早就存在於學校教育之中,但直到一九六0年代,由於(一)教育投資觀念的影響,(二)職業對教育水準要求之提高,(三)失業與犯罪等社會問題的產生,以及(四)教育機會均等要求,才漸受到廣泛的注意,而成為全球性的教育問題。一九六0年代初期,歐義先進國家多已開始探討此一問題,並研擬減低學生中途離校之對策;尤以美國對此問題至為關切,一九六三年美國總統甘迺迪即?調學生中途離校問題之嚴重性與解決的必要性,且由其特別緊急基金中撥款二十五萬美元,處理此項問題,而掀起了美國一九六三年的「反中途離校運動」。一九六九年聯合國教育科學與文化組織的國際教育局亦作了一項有關學生中途離校問題的世界性調查研究,其報告指出:學生中途離校是一種嚴重的教育浪費,也是一項世界性的問題。
一九六0年以來,學生中途離校問題之研究在國外已頗受重視,但國內有系統的研究則為數甚少,甚至各級學校中途離校學生人數之統計資料,在國內各教育統計刊物中亦付闕如,足見此一問題在國內並未引起普遍性的關切與重視。不過,根據行政青年輔導委員會之推算,我國六十三學生度各級學校的中途離校學生總人數已高達七四、六七0人,這可以說是國家人力與教育資源之一大浪費;而且學生中途離校後,亦可能導致失業與犯罪問題。因此,學生中途離校在國內亦為不容忽視之問題。
有鑑於此,行政院青年輔導委員會乃委託國立台灣師範大學教育研究所進行我國高級中學中途校學生現況之調查分析,其目的即在瞭解我國高級中學學生中途離校之原因,及其目前的處境與所需要的協助,以供推行高中青年輔導工作之參考。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes and consequences of dropping out in Chinese high schools in order to deal with this problem more effectively.
In the study, four instruments, Tennessee Selfconcept Scale, Money Problem Check List, and two questionnaires devised by writer were used to examine the factors of personal background, ability, selfconcept, attitudes and behaviors that predisposed to dropping out of high schools, and to analyze its effects on dropouts. Data from 1249 high school dropouts were statistically treated by Chisquare, Spearman's correlation method, twoway analysis of variance and Scheffe method of multiple comparisons.
The main findings were as follows:
1. Most of dropouts had suffered from emotional disturbance, derived from the pressure of their school works.
2. The students who came from an unhappy home and those who had miserable experiences in their school lives would rather be likely to drop out.
3. With regard to selfconcepts of students, there were significant differences between dropouts and their schoolmates;however, both met the same troubles in their daily lives, such as worrying much about examination and being harshly to get along with others, especially with strangers, etc.
4. A great number of high school dropouts indicated that they would rather return to school to study than get a job.
Based on these findings, two recommendations were made:1. To enhance and enlarge the service of school counseling and guidance is the most important task for preventing students from dropping out, school counselors and teachers should help students to solve their daily problems whenever they need.
2. The training programs should be provided for high school dropouts to acquire vocational skills to get a job.