我國大學入學考試報考者與錄取者家庭社經背景之比較分析

An Investigative Analysis of the Family Socio Economic Background of the Candidates and Passers of University Entrance Examination

傳統社會中,教育常有其象徵性的意義及價值,教育成就往往是某社會階層代表其地位的象徵性事物。因為在傳統社會結構中,個人社會地位的高低常是決定其教育成就的主要條件。(註一)因此,教育層次愈高,愈只為少數人所獨享。甚且教育的功能亦因此而有不同,如希臘時代的大學教育,因當時公民係屬少數自由民,故教育對象僅限於少數人,而且其功能著重休閒和公民的陶冶。中古時代,大學創設之初,其宗旨亦僅在培養少數特殊的專門人才及純粹學術研究人才。本研究之目的,即在調查分析我國大學入學考試報考者與錄取者家庭社經背景之分佈情形,且與有關國家大學生之家庭社經背景作一比較,以瞭解我國大學入學考試是否符合教育機會均等之精神。為達成此一目的,乃決定探討下列三個項目:(一)構成家庭社經背景的各項主要因素。(二)先進國家大學生家庭社經背景之分佈現況。(三)我國大學入學考試者與錄取者家庭社經背景之分佈現況。

The purpose of this study was to present an analysis of the family socioeconomic background of the candidates and passers of University Entrance Examination in the Republic of China.
An investigative method and a comparative analysis were undertaken. The Procedure of this study included formulating the problem, reviewing the related literatures, stating the assumptions and hypotheses, selecting appropriate subjects, constructing and validating an investigative tool, analyzing the collected data, and interpreting the findings.
The size of subjects was 14,106, stratifiedly randomly sampled from the candidates of the University Entrance Examination in 1976. Questionnaire of the Family SocioEconomic Background of the Candidates of the University Entrance Examination in 1976