同情的三个向度及其教育意蕴

Three Orientations of Sympathy and Their Educational Meaning

同情具有多面性。它不仅仅是情感或情绪的反应，也并不与认知、理智等相对立，甚至也不是将智性因子排除在外的盲目的情感冲动，而是由情感、认知、体验、理解、态度、行为等因子交融而成的具有多个向度和价值追求的多面体。同情拥有情感、认知和行动三个主要向度。不同向度的同情往往也含涉了一定的情感、情绪、理智、行为、意志等成分，并拥有相对不同的价值基点和意义追求。正因为如此，同情性教育具有了无限、丰富的可以实践、探索和发展的空间。

Sympathy is multifaceted. Sympathy i s not just an emot i onal or affect i ve react i on； it i s not contradictory to cognition and intellect etc. ； and t s not blind emotional impulse that eliminates intellec- tual factors. Instead sympathy s a polyhedron with many orientations and value pursuits， formed through the integration of factors such as feelings， cognition， experience， comprehension， attitudes and behaviors etc. There are three main orientations in sympathy： emotion orientation， cognitive orientation and action orientation. Each of orientations contains some elements of feelings， cognition， experience， comprehen- sion， attitudes and behaviors etc. ， and has relevantly d i fferent value basis and meaning pursuit. Because of this， there s abundant space for sympathy education to explore， practice and develop.