学习科学新近十年:进展、反思与实践革新———访国际学习科学知名学者基思·索耶教授

Learning Sciences in the Past Decade: Development%2C Reflections and Innovations ———An Interview with Professor Keith Sawyer

学习科学发展史上具有里程碑意义的著作《剑桥学习科学手册》 (The Cambridge Handbook of the Learning Sciences，简称《手册》)2006 年出版淤迄今已 近10 年。期间，学习科学研究蓬勃发展，新的学习观点和研究不断涌现，对人类的学 习和教育创新产生了革命性影响。2014 年底，《手册》第二版于问世，全球72 位学习 科学领域领军学者围绕校内和校外学习，正式学习中的学科教学和博物馆、图书馆中 的非正式学习，与新技术密切相关的具身学习、移动学习、合作学习等主题各抒己见。 在第二版《手册》推出之际，笔者借在美国访学之机，对《手册》编者基思·索耶(Keith Sawyer) 教授进行了专访。 此次访谈主要聚焦三大问题:学习科学研究有哪些最新进展? 国际学习科学的领军人物怎样审视和反思学习科 学方法论及其研究发现对教育变革的影响? 从学习科学的视角怎样看待非正式学习环境? 另外，索耶教授还对 当前学界较为关注的慕课、翻转课堂、创客运动、STEAM 和大数据等热点问题发表了自己的洞见。 基思·索耶教授目前为美国北卡罗莱纳大学教堂山分校教育学院教育变革方向的摩根杰出教授、国际知名 学习科学和创造力研究专家。他1982 年获麻省理工学院计算机科学学士学位，1994 年获芝加哥大学心理学博 士学位，迄今发表科研文章80 多篇，出版著作13 本，目前正潜心研究艺术和设计领域的教学和学习，以便能发 现其中的核心特征，用以设计最有效的学习环境。

Nearly a decade has passed since the 1st edition of The Cambridge Handbook of the Learning Sciences was published (CHLS) in 2006， the milestone work in the field. Since then， the learning sciences research activities have flourished and new ideas and studies are continuously emerging， revolutionarily impact human learning and educa tional innovation. At the end of 2014， the second edition of CHLS was published. In this book， seventy-two leading learning scientists around the world express their views and present their studies on subjects like learning inside and outside of schools， teaching of specific discipline in formal learning such as literacy， math and history， the informal learning in museums and libraries， as well as such issues concerning technology-related learning forms as the embod ied learning， mobile learning， and collaborative learning， etc. Under this context， the authors conducted an interview with editor Keith Sawyer，the Morgan Distinguished Professor in Educational Innovations at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. This interview focuses on three aspects: the latest development in Learning Sciences; the view of Keith Sawyer， as a leading learning scientist， on the methodology of learning sciences and its impact on educational innovation; infor mal learning environments from the perspective of learning sciences. In addition， Dr Sawyer also shares his insights on the hot issues in education such as MOOCs， the flipped classrooms， maker movement， and big data.