美国高校宿舍教育的历史分析：宿舍与人才培养

The Evolution of College Residence Halls in the United States

美国高校学生宿舍从早期承担的生活功能、管理功能，到近50 年才开拓的教育功能，走过了漫长 的历史。殖民时期，受英国牛津剑桥模式的影响，采用住宿学院制，宿舍主要作用是代替父母监督；内战结束 后至19 世纪后期，受德国大学影响，认为为学生提供宿舍没有意义；19 世纪后期至20 世纪中期，伴随赠地 学院的发展，宿舍建设再次兴起，这个时期宿舍主要作用是为学生提供生活服务；20 世纪60 年代以后，宿 舍教育功能被广泛认可，开始有目的地设计宿舍教育环境，宿舍成为学生课堂教育与非课堂教育的衔接，成 为促进学生全面发展的教育资源。

Collegiate housing has been in existence for more than 300 years in the United States. During the early period， American residence halls followed the English residential college model of Oxford and Cambridge with the function of supervision. Between 1850 and the late nineteenth century， influenced by the German university model， residence halls were denounced as inappropriate and a waste of money in American universities. Between the late nineteenth century and the mid-twentieth century， trends in American higher education once again encouraged the construction of residence halls. Since 1960s， to extend learning outside of the classroom， student affairs educators have infused programmatic curriculums and strategic management techniques into the residential experience.