文化与文化能力：浅析医学人类学对医学人文教育的贡献

Culture and Cultural Competency: How Medical Anthropology Contributes to Medical Humanities Education

中国日益恶化的医患关系让人们对医学院现行的人文教育提出了质疑。加强人文教育，培养医学生人文素养的呼声渐起。本文针对目前医学人文教育界所提出的诸多建议，并基于笔者的医学人类学教育实践，围绕北美医学院教育中的“文化能力”和文化人类学中“文化”两个重要的概念展开，简要论述了医学人类学对医学人文教育的贡献。笔者认为医学人类学以其显著的实践性、本土性和反思性，有效地贡献于医学人文教育中对具有移情式关爱能力的临床医生培养的长远目标，可以更好地推动“生物－文化”这一现代医疗模式指导下的临床实践。

The deteriorating doctor-patient relationship in China casts doubt on medical school's humanistic education. This article reviews a crucial concept of ＂cultural competency＂ proliferating in U.S. medical schools， which originally aims to improve physician-patient communication and reduce health disparity. No matter how fashionable and valuable it is， cultural competency is criticized by medical anthropologists who promote ＂ explanatory models＂ to replace cultural competency， which derives from cultural anthropology's unique methodology as ethnography. Based on their teaching practices of medical anthropology in China as well as in the United States， the authors aim to introduce the course of medical anthropology to Chinese medical schools in hopes of further promoting the modern biological-cultural understanding of illness in medical training.