美国大学MOOC 的兴起对 传统高等教育的挑战

The Rise of MOOC in US Universities and Its Challenge to Traditional Higher Education

互联网的迅速发展和普及，改变了人们的交流和生存方式，使人们进入网络化时 代。在高等教育领域，2012 年由美国一流大学所推出的MOOC 席卷全球，发展迅猛。本文梳理 了美国大学MOOC 的产生及发展现状，分析了 MOOC 所具有的四个特点———开放性、虚拟 性、可扩张性和经济性，围绕“国际在线大学课程市场”、网络课程个性化学习、“翻转课堂”教学 模式、MOOC 学分与MOOC 证书等四个方面厘清了MOOC 所引发的问题和争议，进而探讨 了美国大学MOOC 的发展对传统高等教育发展所带来的挑战。

The rapid development and popularization of internet have changed people's way of communication and living and enabled people to enter the network era. In the field of higher education，launched by US first- class universities in 2012， MOOC has swept the world and develops very quickly. The paper reviews the emerging and development of MOOC in US universities and analyzes the four characteristics of MOOC - - openness，virtuality， expansibility and economically efficiency. Focusing on four aspects which are international online university course market，individualized online course learning，the flipped class model，MOOC credit and MOOC certificate， the paper clarifies the problems and disputes triggered by MOOC. It further analyzes the impacts of the development ofMOOC in US universities on higher education.