德国高等教育治理新模式：进程与特征———以“柏林州高校目标合约”为中心

The New Model of German Higher Education Governance： Trend and Characteristics ———A Focus on the Berlin Target Contracts

近20 年来德国高等教育出现了以“新调控模式”为核心的治理理念和以“目标合 约”为代表的治理工具，在传统“国家化”、“管制化”治理模式基础上增加了“去管制化”的元素。 本文以“柏林州高校目标合约”为中心，归纳了德国高等教育“新调控模式”“去管制化”的三大 特点，即法律规范的“去国家化”、财政拨款的“绩效化”和行政管理的“去中心化”。这三大特点 体现了德国高等教育治理结构转型的新趋势，反映了德国大学与政府关系的新变化。 ［关键词］德国高等教育；“新调控模式”；高校目标合约；“去管制化”

In the recent 20 years，a newmodel of higher education governance has appeared in Germany，the typical tool of which is Target Contract. This new concept has added different element，namely ＂Deregulation＂，to the traditional model. This research focuses on the Target Contract in Berlin，which represents three main characteristics of this newmodel：The denationalization of the legal norm，the performance- orientated financial allocation and the decentralization of administrative management. This newmodel of German higher education governance is becoming a new trend in the transformation of higher education structure and shows a changing relationship between university and state. Key words：German higher