回首漫漫淘金路一-論張翎《金山》中的移民書寫

Looking Back Down the Long Road of the Gold Rush--On Ling Chang’s Immigrant Writing in “Gold Mountain Blues”

90年代的新移民文學有別於過去描寫移民艱苦卓絕的奮鬥歷程，和去國離鄉的感傷情懷，而是著重表現新移民在面對傳統母體文化與異質文化衝撞下的新思考，並反思歷史與人性，進而突顯出中、西文化交融並存的趨勢。加拿大華人女作家一張翎是海外新移民文學的佼佼者，透過自身的移民經驗和成長背景，張翎筆下的人物多具有新移民身分，這些新移民置身於中、西方雙重文化背景之下，試圖展現這些行走於原鄉與異鄉之間的新移民形象，以及處身於多重文化背景中個人對生命本質的探索和自我身分的定位。2009年，張翎發表她第二部長篇小說一一《金山》，這部史詩性的長篇巨著無疑是張翎最具代表性的著作。書中主要描寫方氏家族五代人物移民金山的心路歷程。本文主要探討《金山》一書中，新移民在面對各種内、外在的環境的考驗時，產生了自我身分焦慮和不安之感；其次，分析新移民在獲得異國友人的關懷和異國戀曲的經驗，以及新移民後代的尋根之旅，使得他們身分焦慮得到纾解，同時，中、西文化也能夠兼容並蓄、共存共榮。

New immigration literature of the 90s is different from the past. Instead of describing the arduous struggle of immigrants and their sentimental attachment to home， it focuses on how they think about history and humanity when new immigrants face culture shocks. It shows the chance of Chinese and Western cultures coexisting is positive. Ling Chang， a Chinese Canadian female writer who writes from her experience and background .is a leader of new immigrant literature. Most of her characters are new immigrants like her. With two different cultures they are trying to set up an image of the new immigrant as well as search for the truth of life and self-identity.In 2009， Ling Chang published her second novel - “Gold Mountain Blues” this long epic masterpiece is undoubtedly one of her most representative works. It talks about five different generations of the Fang family who moved to Jinshan. This article discusses the feeling of identity anxiety and trepidation caused by a variety of challenges encountered by these new immigrants under different conditions in“Gold Mountain Blues”，Also analyzed is the influence of relationshipsexperienced with friends and lovers in a foreign country and the searching for one’s roots. Not only has their anxiety been cured but it shows that two different cultures could coexist in a good way.