Web2.0个人学习环境的知识共享方式及评价

Strategies of Knowledge Sharing in Web 2. 0 Personal Learning Environment and Their Evaluation

Web 2. 0 技术的蓬勃发展及其“ 个性化、社会性、开放性冶的鲜明特性，为基于个人学习环境的学 习变革带来前所未有的挑战。从知识共享的视角审视，Web 2. 0 个人学习环境的学习实质是学习者借助各种 Web 2. 0 工具，经由寻求知识、供给知识、互通知识、享有知识等活动建立起的关联与交互。为顺应国家教育信 息化“推进网络学习空间建设冶的迫切需求与高等教育信息化“知识开放共享环境建设冶的发展目标，本研究旨 在探索构建支持知识共享的Web 2. 0 个人学习环境，尝试依托课程学习深度剖析Web 2. 0 个人学习环境中知识 共享方式与策略，并采用个案研究法对其效果进行评价验证。研究发现，为实现对知识共享的支持，Web 2. 0 个 人学习环境需要从学习者、学习共同体、学习工具、知识库等基本要素出发进行整体构建;交互是支持知识共享 的核心机制。由此，促进Web 2. 0 个人学习环境知识共享的方式与策略主要有三种:连通性交互、传递性交互和 认知性交互。个案研究表明，这三种方式与策略对学习者的知识共享文化与态度、知识获取与整理能力、知识表 达与传递能力、知识内化能力有着积极的作用与影响。

Under the guideline of the development of educational informationalization in China， the construction of web-based learning and knowledge sharing environment has been developed quickly. Web 2. 0 is distinctively charac terized by “personalization冶“socialization冶and “ openness冶， which not only provides technical supports to learning environment for knowledge sharing but also creates an unprecedented challenge to the learning transformation with per sonal learning environment. From the perspective of knowledge sharing， learning based on a Web 2. 0 personal learning environment can be defined as the construction of relevance and interaction through knowledge-seeking， knowledge-delivering， knowledge -exchanging and knowledge-possessing activities by using Web 2. 0 tools. This study intends to explore the approaches to build Web 2. 0 personal learning environment and strategies for knowledge sharing， and evaluate their effectiveness by means of case study. Through one and half years of research， we make the following conclusions: Firstly， the study reveals that， in order to support the knowledge sharing based on personal learning environment， systematic construction is necessary in the following four elements: learner， learning community， learning tool， and knowledge base. Secondly， the study indicates that interaction is the important mechanism towards knowledge sharing. According to the mentioned four ac tivities of learning based on a Web 2. 0 personal learning environment， there are three methods and strategies to stimu late knowledge sharing from the viewpoints of interaction. These strategies are designed to support relative interaction， exchanging interaction， and cognitive interaction. The strategy supporting relative interaction underlines ‘emotion en couragement and task driven， the strategy supporting exchanging interaction highlights ‘scaffolding and communi cation， and the strategy supporting cognitive interaction stresses ‘ artifacts creation and meta-cognition. Last but not the least， the study uses Likert-scale survey and social network analysis to verify the effects of the three strategies. It shows that the above-mentioned strategies improve learnersknowledge sharing culture and attitudes， enhance their knowledge sharing abilities such as knowledge acquiring and processing， knowledge representation and transmission， and knowledge internalized.