谁更可能被自主招生录取———兼论建立高校自主招生多元评价指标体系

Who are More Likely to be Autonomous Enrollment Students ? Establishing a Multiple-Index Evaluation System of Autonomous Enrollment

对自主招生大学生的了解关乎自主招生考试评价指标和政策的制定，有利于促进教育公平。依据北京某高校２０１０年和２０１１年的调研数据，通过多因素分析方法，比较自主招生大学生和普通高考大学生发现，父亲职业和教育程度较高的、家庭收入较高的、中东部地区、城市家庭、独生子女等特征的更容易成为自主招生大学生，城市父亲低职业甚至劣于农民，市重点中学自招生的优势并不存在，自主招生恶化了高考不公。因此采取多元评价标准，制定多元指标体系成为必需，按照地区教育环境、户口、高中特征、家庭地理位置、父亲教育程度和职业、家庭经济状况等，结合考生的成绩和特长进行综合评定，对来自教育不发达地区、弱势家庭的学生进行倾斜，兼顾效率和公平。

Studying autonomous enrollment students can contribute to the evaluation index and policy development as well as education equity. Based on 2010 and 2011 survey data of a university in Beijing and using multiple regression analysis，we compared students who took the National College Entrance Examination with autonomous enrollment students and found that autonomous enrollment students tended to have bettereducated fathers with better occupations， to be from richer families in urban areas of Central or Eastern China and to be the only child in a family. However，those from poor urban families were even worse off than those from rural families， and students from key urban high schools were at no advantage at all. Autonomous enrollment has actually exasperated injustice in college admissions. Therefore，it is important to adopt multiple evaluation criteria and establish a multiplein-dex evaluation system，which evaluates a student based on the regional education environment，Hukou status，high school characteristics，family location，father’s education level and occupation，family eco- nomic status combined with the candidate’s academic achievement. The balance should be tipped in favor of students from poor families in educationally underdeveloped areas when all other factors are equal.