开放教育资源运动:高等教育的变革与挑战

Movement of Open Educational Ｒesources: Changes and Challenges Facing Higher Education

从麻省理工学院开启的“开放课件”项目到联合国教科文组织倡导的“开放教育资源”运动，再到新近兴起的“大规模在线开放课程”，互联网与高等教育联姻正在推倒高校“知识的围墙”。这场面向全人类免费开放的知识共享运动借由网络媒介的传播逐成燎原之势。以视频公开课和资源共享课为中心，我国开放资源建设在实践领域不断扩大。这场高等教育领域里的深刻变革，使得我国高校在网络教育与传统教育的融合、教学模式从封闭单一到开放多样的实现、高等教育大众化的推进等诸多方面都面临着机遇与挑战。

MIT OpenCourseWare，open educational resources advocated by UNESCO，and Massive Open Online Courses are increasingly gaining popularity，thanks to the Internet，and allowing knowledge to be freely shared by all． The combination of the Internet and higher education pushes back the frontier of knowledge． Open resources programs in China have expanded greatly，with a focus on open video courses and shared resource courses． The profound changes in higher education bring Chinese universities opportunities and challenges in aspects such as integrating online education and traditional education，transforming a closed teaching system into an open system，and promoting mass higher education．