通往“科学”之路： 维吾尔、哈萨克和藏族学生文理分科选择的个案研究

The Pathways towards “Science” ： A Case Study of Minority Students’ Choices on Science or Liberal Arts

我国部分少数民族地区存在比较严重的文理科选择失衡现象，然而目前国内学界基本没有相关的深入研究。通过选择维吾尔、哈萨克、藏三个少数民族大学生作为个案进行质性研究，本研究发现少数民族学生在文理科选择上，受到个人特征、社会结构、制度与机构环境以及相邻人群的影响。少数民族学生在进行文理和专业选择过程中，既表现出一定的个体能动和理性，又同时受到结构性因素的制约，另外，制度与机构环境也同样在其选择中发挥作用。少数民族学生文理和专业选择具有“多重制约”的特征。研究建议从多个角度引导学生的分科选择，尤其强调增进师生关系与发展有特色的中小学校。

In someminority areas of China， contrary to the national data， the number of students who choose liberal arts is much higher than the number of those who choose science， which has not been well studied. This study used qualitative research methods and focused on Uygur， Kazak and Tibetan college students’ choices on science or liberal arts in high school and university. The results indicate that minority students’ choices are influenced by personal characteristics， social structure， institutional and organiza tional factors， as well as significant others. In the process of choosing science or liberal arts and college majors， minority students are influenced by both personal agency and rationality， and structural factors. In addition， institutional and organizational environment also play a role in their choice. The choice of mi nority students is restrained by multi factors. The study suggests that various ways are needed to guide the students during their choices on specitic courses and majors， especially by enhancing the teacher student relationship and developing specialist schools for minority students.