少数民族理科学习困境的因素分析

Analysis of Factors Influencing the Poor Academic Performance of Ethnic Minority Students in Science

理科教育质量事关少数民族学生认知发展、就业前途以及社会和谐与稳定。本文分析影响少数民族理科教育质量的主要因素：民族地区语言一教学模式处于新的探索阶段，理科教师的语言转换能力难度较大，理科课程标准难度过高，理科教师的招聘与配置不足，以及缺乏语言与文化适宜的教育资源等。应兼顾民族地区社会经济与自然生态的特殊发展需求，理科教育需定位于培养学生的基本科学素养，以及解决生产生活问题的实际能力。建议开设“语言与文化适宜的教学法”等课程，提高民族地区教师的教学能力和语言转化能力；加强基于教育与心理的实证研究与理科教学实践探索。

The quality ol science education matters to the cognitive development and career prospects of ethnic minority students， as well as the stability and harmony of the whole society. This article analyzed the key factors which influence the quality of science education of ethnic minority students: the language-teaching mode in ethnic minority area is still in the initial exploratory stage， and science teachers have difficulty in language transformation ； the curriculum standard for science education is too high， and the recruitment of science teachers is still inadequate； and there is a shortage of language and culture appropriate educational resources. Therefore， science education should give consideration to special development needs of social economics and natural environment， and aim at developing students' basic scientific knowledge and skill of solving problems in work and daily life. This article suggests setting up courses such as Language and Culture Relevant Teaching Methods for teachers in ethnic minority areas to improve their teaching and language transformation ability. Moreover， the empirical study based on pedagogy and psychology and practical science education exploration should be strengthened.