美国教育领域中的黑幕揭发研究（1890-1900）

A Study on the muckraking to the field of education（1890-1900）

19 世纪90 年代，美国掀起了一场全国范围内的“黑幕揭发运动”。在公立教育领 域中，以约瑟夫·迈耶·赖斯为首的黑幕揭发者基于对美国公立学校的调查，在全国性杂志 上连续撰文，揭露公立学校管理腐败、卫生条件落后、教师素质低下等问题。科学性的调查 结果与各地正在开展的公立学校改革合流，一定意义上推动了当地公立教育领域的管理集 权化和专业化改革；富有直观性和趣味性的表达方式引发了全国民众对公立教育问题的关 注，奠定了20 世纪初期全国范围内进步主义教育运动的舆论基础。

During 1890s， the muckraking movement has swept across the United States. Specifically in the field of public education， Joseph Mayer Rice has launched muckraking to the field of education and published numerous educational reports which focused on the administrative corruption， cramp sanitary conditions and teachers’ incapability etc. based on his investigation of several public schools. On the one hand， these reports which are strictly based on the fieldwork are helpful for the ongoing consolidation and professionalization revolution of public schools. On the other hand， citizens are interested in these educational reports full of visualizability and interesting， which guides the public opinions of the Educational Progressive movements.