西方不同学派羞怯观及其对青少年教育的启示

Western Viewpoints of Different Schools on Shyness and the Enlightenments for Adolescent Education

羞怯是一种常见的心理现象，但过度的羞怯会给青少年的身心发展带来负面影响，如网络成瘾、社交焦虑、习惯性羞怯等心理障碍。对于羞怯产生机制的解释，人格特质学派强调羞怯的遗传性，行为主义学派关注后天习得的“错误”的行为反应，精神分析学派重视内心冲突的外在表现，社会认知学派更注重自身因素与环境因素的交互影响。接纳青少年的敏感性差异，避免对其贴“标签”，增强青少年自信心，培养其社交技能，关注青少年内心冲突，提高其自我意识，培育青少年社会主义核心价值观，引导其重建自我价值感等是帮助青少年改善和克服羞怯，促进其身心健康发展的有效教育策略。

Shyness is a common psychological phenomenon， but excessive shyness can bring some negative impact on adolescent physical and mental development， such as internet addiction， social anxiety， habitual shyness and other psychological disorders. For the explanation of production mechanism of shyness， Personality school emphasizes genetic of shyness; Behavioral school focuses on the “wrong” behavioral response of postnatal learning; Psychoanalysis school attaches importance to the external expression of inner confl ict; Social cognitive school pays more attention to the interaction effect between self factors and environmental factors. Accepting the sensitivity difference of adolescents to avoid pasting the label， enhancing adolescents self-confi dence and training their social skills， concerning on adolescents inner confl ict so as to improve their self-awareness， fostering adolescents socialist core values to lead them to rebuilding self-esteem and so on， all these educational strategies can effectively help adolescents improve and overcome their shyness， promoting the development of adolescent healthy in body and mind.