中小學校長能力論述之跨國分析與指標研究--中、美、英、紐、澳五國教育機構的觀點

A Cross Country Analysis and Explore on Principals' Cmpetence in Elementary and Middle School-Points from the Educational Institutions in Taiwan%2C America%2C British%2C New Zealand%2C and Australia

在知識經濟時代，人力素質的高低是決定教育產出質與量的關鍵因素，而學校教育是人力資源的開發、人力素質的提昇與人才培育的最佳場所，高品質的學校領導人才有利於高品質的人才培育，也是提升學校教育品質、符應知識經濟時代學校教育的重要因素。校長是教育政策的執行者，也是學校的靈魂與核心，其領導品質亦深深影響學校辦學成效，其所具備之能力牽引學校教育之永續生存與發展。從二十世紀末至進入二十一世紀以來，世界各國無不對學校領導者提出重要施政方針或辦理學術論壇、會議，以強化學校領導者之專業能力，而隨著各國對於校長能力探討角度的不同，在校長能力的詮釋上亦難臻完善。本文旨在透過國際間教育機構對於校長能力論述之比較分析與歸納，建構出四個層面（行政管理、課程與教學、資源管理與運用、專業涵養）、十一個向度（校務行政、事務決定、政策執行、教學領導、課程領導、學生學習與成就、教育經費與資源、校內人力資源、學校外部資源、專業能力、一般學養）之中小學校長能力指標，作為我國未來在校長學學術領域與教育行政實務工作之參考，並提供今日的校長、即將成為校長與有志成為校長者在專業能力發展與更新上之依據。

In a knowledge-based economy era， human quality is the key factor of the quality and quantity of educational output. Schools are the best places to develop human resource， promote human quality and cultivate manpower. High quality school leadership not only helps to cultivate high quality human resource but is the crucial factor to raise educational quality and correspond to schooling in a knowledge-based economy era. A School principal ， as the soul and core of school， implementing educational policies， whose leadership quality affects the products of schooling deeply and impacts the school’s sustainable maintenance and development.With the coming of 21st century， all countries articulate important administrative guideline or hold academic forums， meeting to strengthen the professional competence of school leaders. With the different angles of the discussion on principal’s competence presented by many countries， it finally generalized 4 sections (administrative management， curriculum and teaching， management resource and implement， profession accomplishment)， 11categories (school administration， policy implementation， instruction leadership， school’s external resource， professional competence， curriculum leadership， decision-making on administrative affairs， students’ learning and achievement， campus human resource， general accomplishment， educational budgets and resource). The research aims to provide suggestions of academic field and educational administrative practices for principals， principals-elect， and potential principals.