包容性思维:网络时代学习的一种新思维方法

Inclusive Thinking: A New Thinking Method for Learning in the Network Era

网络时代的知识与学习发生了很大变化，人们不得不面对碎片化和信息超载两大挑战。这就不仅需要一系列的方法和策略，还需要一种全新的思维方法。包容性思维是指将一些看似互不关联甚至互相矛盾的思想、观点、理论经过一定的加工改造，使之互相兼容、有机组合、融为一体。通过这种新方法，达到将碎片化知识和信息化零为整、减少大脑存储空间的目的。文章首先介绍了包容性思维产生的背景、内涵和六项基本法则，其次举例说明包容性思维与教育教学、知识创新的关系，对包容性思维与批判性思维及中庸之道的异同进行了辨析，最后探讨了包容性思维的价值和意义。

In the network era， great changes of knowledge and learning have taken place. People have to face two major challenges， the fragmentation of information and information overload. In response to these two challenges， the learner not only needs a series of methods and strategies， but also needs a new way of conceptual thinking. Inclusive thinking is defined here as a process of harmonizing， combining， and integrating the thoughts， opinions and theories that are seemingly separated or even contradictory. In order to make the inclusive thinking happen， the specific method is to give an attributive， an adjective or a limiting condition to a theory or an opinion to make it compatible or complementary to another theory or opinion. By using this new method， a learner can assemble the parts into a whole and reduce information storage space in the brain. In this paper， the following issues are discussed: what is inclusiveness thinking， why this thinking method is used， how to think inclusively， how to teach inclusiveness thinking， the relationship between inclusive thinking and knowledge innovation， the similarities and differences between inclusive thinking and critical thinking， the similarities and differences between inclusive thinking and golden mean (middle-of-the-road policy， ZhongYong)， and finally， the value or significance of inclusiveness thinking， etc.