帶走或放走—脆弱的生態與旅遊

Take It with You or Let It Go – The Fragile Ecosystem and Tourism

國內提出生態旅遊白皮書至今十年，恰為檢視推動現況的適當時機，本文經由文獻分析法針對澎湖與花蓮縣兩地的產業結構變化、漁業與海洋資源保育及觀光人口成長，探討兩地經營觀光旅遊業的外在條件。再透過兩個均應為卻未必能為之的生態旅遊實例：花蓮水璉部落的獵人體驗及澎湖的東海一日遊，說明業者實際的行程內容，分析業者數位行銷方式與經營態度，再從定價、對待生態以及非正式學習內容等三方面比較兩者差異。得知以一日遊的價格比較，花蓮地區經營獵人體驗的業者價格較高；對待撈捕的海洋資源會教導遊客放走；也提供較多元、深入的非正式學習內容。由於澎湖、花蓮兩縣均未全面實施遊客總量管制，因此就這兩個在敏感的自然環境中實施的旅遊行程，可知國內推動生態旅遊仍在轉化的過程，尚未達到應有的理想，但環境生態卻持續惡化，自然資源的保育更為迫切，本文最後提出整合遊客、業者、社區與公部門，共同推動遊客生態教育、強化業者組織與自律、加強社區發展以及管理與鼓勵並重等具體的做法，期許未來國內的生態旅遊能更臻理想，實現永續經營的目標。

It has been ten years since the White Paper on Eco-tourism was announced in Taiwan， and now is a good time to review the results of the relevant efforts. Utilizing the method of document analysis， we examined the changes in the industrial structures， the preservation of fishery and marine resources， and the growth of tourist-population in Penghu County and Hualien County in order for us to discuss the conditions for the development of the two counties’ tourism. Two cases of possible eco-tours that should be actualized but may not happen are also examined; they are the “CIDAL Hunter school” held by the Sibilian Tribe in Hualien County， and the “East Coast Day-tour” in Penghu County. We used these two cases to explain the actual content of the tours and analyze the service-providers’ methods of online marketing and management style. It is found that the service-provider of the East Coast Day-tour places more emphasis on the interactions with tourists， whereas the service-provider in Hualien County also focuses on community-development. We then compared the two by examining their pricing， ecological approaches and the content of informal learning. The result shows that the service-provider of Hualien County’s CIDAL Hunter school charges more than the East Coast Day-tour counterpart; tourists of the Hunter school are instructed to release the marine resources they catch， and the Hunter school provides a more diverse and easy-to-follow informal learning. Since neither Penghu County nor Hualien County fully regulate the allowed number of tourists per day， the analysis of the two tour-packages in the sensitive natural environment indicates Taiwan’s eco-tourism is still at a transitional phase and not yet performing ideally. Since the environmental condition continues to deteriorate， the preservation of natural resources becomes more important than ever. Lastly， we proposed suggestions on how tourists， service-providers， and community and governmental agencies can work together to jointly promote eco-education， how service-providers’ organization and self-regulation can be enhanced， and how community development can be improved， and specific approaches that focus both on management and encouragement.