微觀政治及其在學校領導之應用

Micropolitics and Its Applications in School Leadership

近年來教育改革風氣日盛，具體成形的教育政策亦相繼推出，使得學校組織面臨前所未有的變革震撼。校長身為首席領導者，在各種社會期望下，感受到莫大壓力與挑戰。相關文獻指出，在近來的教育改革浪潮下，將微觀政治應用於學校領導的趨向愈見明顯，而台灣將國外有關微觀政治的文獻應用於學校領導之研究並不多見。本文主要探討微觀政治的主要意涵，分析其在學校領導之應用，並探究微觀政治應用在學校領導的思辯與新思維。最後本文指出，校長若將微觀政治應用在學校領導，校長應具有這些新思維：須具備微觀政治素養（包括知識面、操作面和經驗面之素養）、權衡學校內的領導情境而妥善運用微觀政治領導之各類型，並考量華人特有的社會國情（例如重視權威和階層關係），方能有助於校長有效運用微觀政治領導各類型之精意。

Educational reform has been carried out during the latest decade whereby some educational policies have been implemented. Under these circumstances， schools face the unprecedented organizational shock. The principal， as the key leader in a school， encounter tremendous pressure and challenge under social expectation from various sources. According to related literatures， the trend of the applications of micropolitics in school leadership is becoming salient. There are few studies in Taiwan exploring micropolitics in school leadership. This article examined the major concepts of micropolitics， analyzed its applications in school leadership， and outlined possible ideas and challenges which principals may face in school leadership in terms of micropolitics. Finally， this article delineated some coping methods if principals apply the ideas of micropolitics in leadership: they should cultivate micropolitical literacy in leadership， penetrate organizational situations， and consider Chinese culture which emphasizes authority and hierarchy in order to capture the essence of micropolitical leadership styles.