美国、英国、澳大利亚高等教育市场的形成与发展

Formation and Development of Markets in Higher Education in the USA，UK，and Australia

The US，the UK and Australian -these three countries which have relatively higher degree of marketization of higher education in the past thirty or forty years -have both similarities and differences in terms of their formation and development of higher education markets． The market mechanism is the basic regulating mechanism of higher education in the US and its higher education market development mainly includes the shift from financially funding colleges and universities to funding students，the increase of tuition fees，the movement of advancing commercialization of knowledge，and the expansion of for-profit education． The patterns how the UK’s higher education market has formed is similar to Australia’s，namely reducing public expenditure，encouraging institutional revenue-generation，establishing tuition system，introducing competition mechanism，and expanding international market and so on． The combination of policy instruments in the process of formation and development of higher education markets in any country depends on interactions of various factors，such as its national conditions，public policy，and specific higher education situation and so on．