美国高等教育绩效拨款政策的 形成过程及政策网络分析 ——以田纳西州为个案

Policy Process of Higher Education Performance Funding Policy in the U. S. : A Case Study of Tennessee

Performance funding is a new funding model of higher education in the U. S. in recent years. This study analyzed the policy networks of two different performance funding programs in Tennessee， and found that the two programs were differ firom each other on policy networks and their driving forces. The performance funding poli-cy was driven by the needs of higher education system； it* s an inside-out process. The policy networks were highly centralized and integrated. Tennessee Higher Education Commission ( THEC) was the center of the network. As for outcome based funding policy， the policy networks were open， and some external actors ( such as the governor and policy entrepreneurs) became the center of the networks. THEC worked as a “bridge” in the network. These two kinds of networks were formed by different institutional environment while interstate policy entrepreneurs played an important role in the process. Reconstruction of General Education in Japanese Universities in the 21st Century： Comparison of Two Modes between Tokyo University and Kyoto University