智慧学习环境的研究现状和趋势———近十年国际期刊论文的内容分析

The Status and Trend of Research towards Smart Learning Environments: A Content Analysis of International Publications in the Past Decade

本文从多个权威的国际电子期刊数据库搜索到102篇有关智慧学习环境的论文，并采用内容分析法，对近十年来智慧学习环境国际研究现状进行梳理，探讨其未来研究的发展趋势。研究发现，智慧学习环境已成为全球关注的研究领域，研究主题有鲜明的地域特色;智能学习环境的结构功能、适应性学习支持的策略及算法、智慧学习环境的教学策略和案例等是最受关注的研究主题;伴随着新技术的教育应用，未来教室环境、新技术支持下的创新教学，以及师生对学习环境的体验等逐渐成为研究热点;对智慧学习环境在教学性能、学习绩效提升、用户态度和学习体验等获得趋于正面的研究结论。研究还发现，自2008年始，伴随着便携式移动手持设备的普及，可穿戴电脑技术及传感技术等创新技术在教育中的应用，智慧学习环境中有关学习活动类型的研究趋于多样化和创新性，学习空间的研究趋于开放性和虚拟性，学习交互类型研究趋于多通道化和多层次性，学习体验研究趋于直观化和丰富性，学习支持研究趋于个性化和自适应性。这些变化受到智慧学习环境技术丰富特性的驱动。在新技术支持下，全新的学习空间设计、创新的教学形态、真实的学习体验、智慧化的学习支持等将成为未来智慧学习环境的研究重点。

Smart Learning Environments (SLE) is the advanced stage of the development of the digital learning environments. Some practices and results showed that in a technology - rich learning environment， it will be easier to stimulate students ’ learning motivation， promote students ’ active learning behaviors， and achieve good learning performance through giving learners authentic learning experiences and adaptive learning support. This study searched journal articles by key words including smart classroom， intelligent classroom， future classroom， technology enhanced classroom， technology-rich classroom， smart learning environment， intelligent learning environment， smart learning space， and intelligent learning space. Finally 102 journal articles of SLE were selected from digital databases including ISI web of science， EBSCO host， ERIC， ProQuest， and Scopus for content analysis. The study analyzed the papers as two types of items. One was the basic information of each paper， including its title， publishment date， name of journal， author， the organization of the author. The other was content analysis of the paper， including its research method， research settings， research subjects， research issues ， findings， conclusions， hardware devices， software， teaching and learning activities， learning interaction and feedback. Through the review of current researches， the study aimed to find the research trend and the driving force of researches for SLE in the future.The study found that SLE has been a worldwide research area with distinctive regional characteristics in its research issues. The architecture and function for SLE， the strategy and algorithms for adaptive learning support， and the pedagogical model and case study in SLE have been studied the most， and future classroom environment， the innovation of teaching and learning activities with support of information technologies， and the learning experience of teacher and student have become the hot issues. The conclusions of the publications show that the teaching effect， learning performance， user attitude， and learning experience in SLE are positive. The information technologies used in SLE are supporting learners to have a more clear perception of the learning context， to be better informed in interacting with students through multi -channels ； and enabling the collection and modeling of learning data. These technologies make the learning environment more flexible and adaptable， as well as enable more effective individual and social learning processes. Almost all the teaching and learning activities like individualized learning， virtual learning， mobile learning， distance learning， game-based learning， and inquiry learning were studied in the selected articles. It indicated that SLE could be adaptive to all the teaching and learning activities. Besides traditional student-teacher， and student -student learning interaction ，new interaction like student with authentic learning objects， student with virtual learning peers， as well as student-robot were emerged. It indicated the SLE extended learning interaction and provided new channels for feedback in learning. The study also found that since 2008， accompanying with the popularity application of portable and mobile handheld devices ，wearable PCs， and sensor technologies in education， the learning activities in SLE tend to be diversified and innovation， the learning space tend to be open and virtual， the learning interaction tend to be multi -channeled and multi -leveled， the learning experience tend to be hands-on and rich， as well as the learning support for learners tend to be personalized and adaptive. The outcome of the content analysis indicates that these changes were driven by technology rich characteristics in SLE， and with the support of new technologies， the studies towards the future learning space design， the innovative pedagogical mode， and the smart learning support would become the trend of research in SLE in the future.