教师远程培训效果评估指标体系构建———基于德尔菲法的研究

A Dephi Study on The Evaluation Index System of Training Effect for Teachers' Distance Training

随着信息技术的迅猛发展以及“国培计划冶等政府项目的推动，远程培训作为大规模教师培训的有效方式在全国范围迅速推广，业已成为我国当前中小学教师培训的重要途径之一。由于教师远程培训具有学员数量多、影响范围广、实践发展快等特点，对其效果进行评估研究逾显迫切和意义重大。本研究在前人研究基础上，以企业培训效果评估理论、成人学习理论、培训转化理论等为基础，构建了教师远程培训效果的评估指标体系初稿，并通过两轮德尔菲法对三个级别指标项进行意见征询，对评估指标体系的科学合理性进行验证，继而在反馈意见统计分析的基础上进行指标删除、内涵及表述修改、补增项目等，最终构建了包含4个一级指标、12个二级指标和46个三级指标的教师远程培训效果评估指标体系。其中，一级指标包含学员反应层、学习结果层、个人绩效层和组织绩效层。学员反应层包括学员对网络课程、支持服务、在线项目设计与实施、培训整体满意度;学习结果层包括专业知识、专业技能、情感态度价值观;个人绩效层包括学员对所学知识的直接迁移和间接迁移;组织绩效层包括学员在自我提升基础上，对学生、同事、学校的影响等。该评估指标体系具有较高的专家效度，以及较好的适用性和可推广性，在一定程度上丰富了教师远程培训效果评估的理论体系，也为教师远程培训实践的健康、可持续发展提供了有益指导。

Distance training， which is popularized through nationwide massive teachers training and government projects like “ National Training Plan， ” has been one of the most important approaches to national teachers training. Such training approaches have characteristics like massive trainees， great influences， and rapid changes. Evaluation research is critical and valuable for such a training system. Through the literature review， and guided by adult learning ，training， and assessment theories， this research is intended to establish an evaluation index system of training effect for teachers distance training.The Delphi method is used twice to collect suggestions for three sub-indexes. Before the first round of Delphi application， researchers draw up Evaluation Index System through the literature review. Researchers then collect experts’ feedback on indexes. They pick out indices which are suitable for measuring effects of training according to their experience and knowledge. Based on expert suggestions， original indices and expressions are revised. In the second round of Delphi application， researchers investigate the experts’ opinion on the weight of index， and revise three levels of indices in system. Consensual validity is testified effective as values are above 80%. This new evaluation index system is proved to be up to the requirement of Delphi method. The soundness and reasonableness of index system is validated. Finally， two authors of this article establish the Evaluation Index System for online teacher training， which consist of 4 first level indices， 12 second level indices and 46 third level indices. There are four first level indices in this evaluation system， including learners爷reaction， learning results， personal performance and organizational performance. Learners爷reaction can be measured by four second indices， which are the learners’ satisfaction degree of online courses， learning support service， online projects design and implementation， overall training. These indices focus on learners’ direct feeling for training. It is a way for trainers to find out learners’ reaction to online course content， training platform， resources， teaching， communication tools， learning support service and learners’ general ideal about this training etc. Learning results contain three second indices as professional knowledge， professional technologies， learners’ faith， attitude and values. These three indices help to learn people’s development in subject knowledge， teaching knowledge， teaching technologies and their attitude etc. in training. These direct and indirect transfer indices measure personal performance. These indices mainly evaluate learners’ levels in transferring training results into personal performance in their practice of real world. Organizational performance contains three sub-indices of training’s influence on learners’ students， their colleagues and workplace (school). Authors use these indices to evaluate training’s influence on learners’ workplace and their members. The Evaluation Index System has high validity of expert， better applicability and extension， and it improves the theory systems of distance teacher training. In addition， it provides instructions for the sustainable and healthy development of practices in distance teacher training.