重温师范大学制的“孟胡之争” ——孟宪承与胡先骕关于师范大学制的论争之探析（1925）

MENG Xiancheng and HU Xiansu’s Controversy about the Existence of Normal

为了尽早实现教育普及的目标，近代教育先贤为中国设计了独立的师范教育体制，当中又特别强调高等师范的建设，而有“高师教育分区制”的出台，以及“六大高师”的相继诞生。上世纪20年代，高等师范学校迎来了“升格运动”，历经多年苦心经营才成的“分区制”随之破产，“六大高师”多数倾向转轨为普通大学，特别是武昌高等师范学校先升级为武昌师范大学，旋即“舍师范”而“奔综合”变为武昌大学，此种情形引发了教育先进的担忧，而有恢复旧制的种种呼声及努力。但著名植物学家胡先骕对此却不以为然，而孟宪承与之意见相左，故而构成一场教育论争。胡不认可“封闭性”的师资培养方式，主张采用“开放性”的，但是这种理想的计划离中国的现实太远，而且对教育学与师范教育的认识不周全，为孟宪承一一所指正。这场论争规模虽小，但学术分量很足，对于今日的师范教育改革亦不乏借鉴意义。

To realize the goal of education universalization， modern pioneer educators paid great attention on the design of higher normal education system， leading to the construction of “Zoning of Higher Normal Education” and the successive establishment of “six higher normal schools”. In the 1920s， this system was broken down since most of normal high schools were changed into normal universities， which caused some appeals for the reconstruction of the former system. As a result， there aroused a controversy about the existence of normal universities between MENG Xiancheng and HU Xiansu. HU approved of an ‘open’ mode of teacher training instead of the ‘closed’ one. Nevertheless， this kind of plan was not in accordance with the social reality of China and HU did not understand pedagogy and normal education thoroughly. MENG pointed out all of his faults. We can draw some lessons about the reform of normal education from this controversy.