大學前教育經歷對高等教育質量的影響機制研究--兼議教育領域綜合改革

A Study on the Mechanism of the Influence of Pre-college Experience on Higher Education Quality---with an Analysis of the Comprehensive Reforms in the Field of Education

本文使用清華大學“中國大學生學習與發展追蹤研究調查問卷2012”數據，運用多元線性回歸和系數集束化的方法，深入考察了學生個體性因素(包括先賦性因素和獲致性因素)對高等教育過程和結果質量的影響機制。研究發現，獲致性因素即學生的高中教育經歷比先賦性因素即學生的家庭背景，對高等教育質量產生更大的影響。高中教育經歷作為入大學前的準備，其作用在大學的高影響力教育活動中更為突出，不僅能夠使學生更好地投身大學學習，還能夠提升其在大學階段的學習收獲和在校滿意度。學生高中教育經歷的豐富程度對高等教育質量的顯著影響，以及成績排名對高等教育質量的負向影響，促使我們反思高中教育與大學教育的銜接問題，而正在推進的教育領域綜合改革為解決此問題提供了體制改革的重要契機。

Based on CCSS 2012 survey data，using the method of multiple linear regression and sheaf coefficient，this research studies the mechanism of the influence of the student individual factors (inclu-ding ascription and achievement factors)on higher education process and quality. The study found that the ascription factor (high school education experience)has greater impact on higher education quality than the achievement factor (family background).As the preparation for col-lege，high school education experience plays an important role in the high-impact practices，enables the students to engage more in college learning activities，and enhances their learning achievement and satisfaction.The richness of student high school experience has significant influence on higher educa-tion quality，while the academic performance ranking has a negative effect on higher education quality. These results challenge us to rethink the connection between high school education and college educa-tion，and the undergoing comprehensive reforms in the field of education provides an important oppor-tunity to solve this problem.