国别迁移:高被引科学家美国集聚的特征与原因分析

International Migration ： An Empirical Study on Highly-cited Scientists' Agglomeration in the USA

迁移至美国一直被认为是全球科技精英人才国别迁移的主要特征。本文通过对2430名髙被引科学家的简历进行内容分析，以及对其中308名高被引科学家迁移原因的问卷调查结果进行统计分析发现，高被引科学家向美国集聚的现象呈现出阶段性特征，且随着职业发展，髙被引科学家出现从美国逆向集聚的现象。从美国逆向集聚过程中获利的国家包括亚太地区的创新型国家(地区)，中国香港和中国台湾也在其列。而影响高被引科学家从美国逆向集聚的原因，与这些国家(地区)为科技精英人才提供更适宜的工作环境有很大关系。故本文认为，通过对国内发达城市一流大学的投人，创建适宜的工作环境，能为中国吸引更多的科技精英人才。

This research adopts the CV method and questionnaire to analyze highly-cited scientists^ mobility. Based on the ISI Highly-Cited Scientists database，this research collected altogether 2430 scientists' CVs and 308 questionnaires. The research results show various features of the scientists’ mobility in the USA. Some of them migrate from the United States to other innovative countries and regions in later years of their career. For these highly-cited scientists，the work environment in other countries is a key pull factor in their decision to leave the United States. The finding suggests that developed cities and regions in China may attract scientific elites by providing an optimal work environment.