身心二元论的消解及其教育影响——基于杜威经验哲学观的思考

Dewey’s Empiricist Integrity of Body and Mind and the Impacts on Education

西方哲学史上的古希腊哲学、唯理论哲学以及经验论哲学，由于对经验的认识偏差而造成了身与心的分离和对立。杜威对传统哲学中的经验进行了改造，确立了一种自然主义的经验观：经验是有机体与环境交互作用的产物，经验具有内在的整体性和连续性，经验具有实验探究的性质。杜威的经验观超越了传统哲学经验观之下的身心二元划分，对教育产生了巨大影响：重建了身心涵融一体的认识关系；恢复了教育中人的主体性；使探究成为了教与学的基本方式；为民主社会和教育的形成铺就了道路。

The understanding of the relationship of body and mind in the history of western philosophy caused a variety of difficultiesin education. Dewey carried on the thorough reflection and found that the dualism of body and mind was resulted from the definition ofexperience. Thus， Dewey began to reconstruct the conception of experience and cleared up the dualism of body and mind through a newconception of experience， and eventually made education to cultivate the whole person with the integration of body and mind.