教育中的权力─知识分析──深度访谈的中国经验

Power and Knowledge in Education: A Critique of the Applicability of In-depth Interviews in the Chinese Context

言文分离是中国人日常生活中一个极为普遍的现象，但少有社会学研究方法或是教育社会学角度就这一现象的深度思考。本文从言文分离现象出发，分析质性研究方法中的深度访谈，进而对教育中的权力一知识问题展开讨论。笔者指出，深度访谈只是为了深入了解言文一致的世界——西方世界而开发出来的一种调查工具。本为一种地方世界的治学态度或调查技术成为带有世界普遍意义的追求真理的代名词，对这一涉及权力一知识的问题应该有更深刻的知识社会学反思。深度访谈来自音声中心的西方世界，试图在言文分离而且表意优先的汉语世界里扎根，这一扎根现象本身为反思“文化霸权”、“音声帝国主义”等问题提供了可能。

Although the incongruity of speech and writing is a common phenomenon in Chinese daily life， its implications for sociological research methods ， in general， and the sociology of education ， in particular ， has rarely been acknowledged. This study analyzes how this incongruity is a function of the power-knowledge matrix in the Chinese context ， as well as how it could affect the applicability of conducting indepth interviews as a method for qualitative research. From this perspective ， it is apparent that in-depth interviews are designed for understanding Western interviewees whose speech tends to match their thoughts more closely. As such ， m-depth interviews should be recognized as a culturally specific methodology for gathering information from culturally specific people that should not be extended to the global sphere as a practice for attaining some universal truth. To this end ， a more profound critical reflection of the power-knowledge matrix from the perspective of the sociology of knowledge is urgently called for. Embedding the Western-rooted method of conducting in-depth interviews into the context of the Mandarin language ， which is characterized by the separation of speech and writing， is a curious process worthy of inspection in hegemonic discourse.