英國職業教育與職業訓練的發展現況

The Development of Vocational and Training System in the UK

在過去的四十年中，因為經濟因素與技術創新，再加上政黨的更迭，英國的職業教育與訓練系統改變甚多。本文運用文獻分析了解英國的職業教育與訓練系統，審視英國職業教育與職訓制度之內涵及其困境，並提供我國借鏡之處。首先介紹英國的學制及普通中等教育證書，再分析職業教育與職業訓練的演進、學徒制度及證照制度。同時也分析國家職業證書及吳爾夫職業教育檢討報告書，探討英國職業教育與職業訓練的困境並提供我國職業教育與職業訓練制度的參考。英國的職業教育與職業訓練可供我國參考的內容，包含加強我國中等教育階段的基礎科目、提供證書等值轉換的架構及其證書取得步驟的嚴謹作法。

In the past forty years， due to economic concerns， technical advances， and political changes， the vocational education and training system in the United Kingdom has changed dramatically. The purpose of this study aimed at understanding the vocational education and training system， focusing on England， by fi rst reviewing the British education system and the General Certifi cate of Secondary Education and further analyzing the development of the vocational education and training， the apprenticeship， the system of certifications. This paper also analyzed the National Vocational Qualifications and Wolf Review of Vocational Education， explored the predicament of the system in the UK， and provided some suggestions on the system in Taiwan in the future. The vocational education and training system in the UK provides some useful suggestions on our vocational education and training system in Taiwan. They include enhancement of the foundation courses in secondary education， provision of a framework for certifi cate conversion， and procedures of the rigorous certifi cate acquisition in the UK for our vocational training system.