英國公立中小學學校董事會之組織與運作

The Organization and Operation of the Board of Governors in England

本文主要目的在探討英國公立中小學學校董事會之組織與運作狀況。英國所有公立學校均設有學校董事會，是學校經營最高指導與監督單位，職權可以歸納成五項：（1）計畫；（2）監控；（3）評估；（4）執行功能；（5）代表與溝通；董事成員包括六大類：（1）家長董事；（2）教職員董事；（3）地方教育局董事；（4）社區董事；（5）基金會董事；（6）資助者董事。其中以社區董事最具特色，英國並訂有學校董事的消極資格。英國公立學校董事會的主要優點有：能兼顧各方代表，反映民意；符合「權能區分」原理；校長在董事會擁有發言權與投票決定權；地方政府官員擔任學校董事，直接參與學校的監管與經營。其缺點在於需要有其社會文化條件；容易造成校長過度負擔；讓外力有干預校務之可能；會對學校形成另類負擔。

The Board of Governors in England's school as supreme directors and supervisors has a long history. The main purpose of this article is to study its organization and operation. Planning， monitoring， evaluating， executive functions， and representing/ communicating are five duties or responsibilities of the governors. The Board of governors consists of parents governors， staff governors， LEA governors， community governors， foundation governors， and sponsors governors. Besides， the Board also has some associate members， and community governors are the most influential in the Board. To avoid possible abuse of power， English Government has worked out rules and conditions to regulate governors. The system of the Board of Governors has advantages to make the school smoothly running， since they represent different powers， reflect the public opinions， keep the balance of owing and managing， give head teachers the opportunity to express their ideas and ideals and are involving directly in the Board by LEA. However， there are also disadvantages of the system， such as external intervention and the lack of experiences of some governors which may reduce the effects.