臺北市國民中學校務評鑑之評析

A Research on School Evaluation of Taipei City’s Junior High Schools

評鑑是一種描述和價值判斷的歷程，其目的誠如Stufflebeam等人所言：「評鑑的目的不在証明什麼，而在改進。」。對學校而言，評鑑的目的在改進學校教育，提升教育績效，促進學校發展，使之更臻完美。學校評鑑應注意客觀性、民主性、廣泛性、個別性、多元性、統整性、動態性、繼續性之原則，惟國內實施學校評鑑多年，成效不甚理想。臺北市政府教育局為因應教育改革、提升學校效能及校長遴選之需，特委請專案研究臺北市國民中學校務評鑑。研究者以其參與研究和評鑑的相關經驗，分析上述北市國民中學校務評鑑的特色為：（1）實施本土研究，（2）回歸學校效能，（3）增加教學評鑑，（4）重視動態機制，（5）評鑑適度量化，（6）評鑑符應權責，（7）強調學校特色，（8）尋求評鑑共識。並對其實施和發展，提供六點建議：（1）併校長遴選使評鑑制度化，（2）評鑑指標宜增列學生成就，（3）評鑑應客觀並能重視互動，（4）公布並適度說明評鑑結果，（5）形成性和總結性評鑑同步，（6）轉化與發展學校本位評鑑。

Evaluation is a process of description and value judgment. The purpose of evaluation， as Stufflebea et al. put it， is “not to prove， but to improve.” For schools， the purpose of evaluation is to improve school education， to promote education accountibility， to accelerate school’s development， and overall to make our school a better one. Therefore， school evaluation should follow several guidelines: objective， democratic， comprehensive， individual， multiple， integrative， dynamic and continuous. However， school evaluation in Taiwan didn’t achieve satisfactory results after years of practice. Taipei City Government’s Bureau of Education， aiming to realize goals of the educational reform， to increase school effectiveness， and also to provide an indicator for principal selection， appointed the professional to conduct a research on school evaluation of Taipei City’s junior high schools. Based on relevant experiences acquired from joining researches and evaluations， the researcher made an analysis and concluded that school evaluation of Taipei City’s junior high schools has the following characteristics: (1) doing local researches， (2) back to school effectiveness， (3) more teaching evaluations， (4) practical and clear indicators， (5) emphasis on dynamic mechanism， (6) adequate time to evaluate， (7) evaluation appropriately quantified， (8) evaluation in accordance with authority， (9) emphasis on school characteristics， (10) negotiating an agreement over evaluation. Finally， suggestions are made focusing on the implementation and development of school evaluation: (1) institutionalizing school evaluation through combining with principal selection; (2) “student achievement” should be added as the indicator; (3) evaluation should be objective and should put an emphasis on interaction; (4) The result of evaluation should be announced and properly explained; (5) Formative evaluation and summative evaluation should be made together; and (6) School-based evaluation should be transformed and developed.