以公平衡量探討台灣社會階層之資訊整合實驗

The Experiment of Information Integration Theory on the Social Stratification in Taiwan by Fairness Measurement

是社會分工導致社會不平等的資源分配，職業、收入、地位等在社會上又是一個什麼樣的決定因素？由「各司其職」所延伸的社會階層化現象，造成「公平」與「不公平」的爭論，所屬不同階層的人們所持有的社會資源亦不相同，因而所獲得的機會亦有差異。本研究以Anderson 所提出的資訊整合理論(Information Integration Theory， IIT)為研究方法，主要在瞭解人們於面對不同情境時，如何處理多個刺激變數的認知過程，整合函數為資訊整合理論的主要重點。研究設計上將社會階層中的投入資訊與結果資訊兩項作為可觀察變數，投入因素依文獻歸納為教育程度及家庭背景，結果因素依文獻歸納為職業聲望及所得，應用資訊整合實驗來探討受測者認知代數模式。研究結果顯示，人們對不公平感受程度形成認知代數，反映出人們對社會階層中不公平感受是存在的。

Does the specialization and division of labor lead to the unequal distribution of social resources? What roles do occupation， incomes， and social status play in this society? The phenomenon of social stratification extending from specialization of labor results in the disputes over equality and inequality. People of different kinds of social stratification hold dissimilar social resources， which differentiate the opportunities that they acquire. This research took Information Integration Theory (IIT) as research method and adopted the equity model of IIT proposed by Anderson (1974) as theoretical basis to understand the internal process of how people deal with a couple of variables with perception. The research is designed to induce the factors of inputs of social stratification as education and family background by means of documents; the factors of outcomes of social stratification as reputation of occupations and incomes. The research result shows that people’s feeling of unfairness could be transformed into cognitive algebras， which reflect the existence of degree of unfair feeling for the social inequity in social stratification.