法蘭克．馬坦「葉德曼六首獨白」研究

A Study of '6 Monologues from Jedermann' by Frank Martin

瑞士作曲家馬坦於1943年選用奧地利劇作家霍夫曼斯塔爾的戲劇《葉德曼」中之六首獨白詩作，譜成一套給男中音或女低音與管絃樂團的聯篇歌曲《葉德曼六首獨白」。此劇描寫富翁葉德曼從怕死至獲得神的寬恕之間的一段心理變化與靈魂拯救，作曲家所選用的這六首獨白詩作展現主角悔改的心路歷程。本套歌曲屬於音列音樂，馬坦用十二音技法寫作，卻用傳統的三和絃與現代的音堆做出善惡、正邪的對比；另外，他使用「音節音樂」的朗讀音調語法，並且創造各種動機以塑造各種情節，各種動機在連續出現與交相作用之下，使得六曲之間都互有關聯，成功地詮釋一個富翁的心理變化與靈魂拯救。《葉德曼六首獨白」不愧是英國廣播公司資深音樂製作人羅伯特‧雷頓於1991年所言「世紀中最偉大的聯篇歌曲之一」。

In 1943, Swiss composer Frank Martin selected six monologue poems from the play 'Jedermann' by Austrian playwright Hugo von Hofmannsthal, and wrote a song-cycle called '6 Monologe aus Jedermann', in English '6 Monologues from Jedermann', for baritone or alto solo and orchestra. The play describes the wealthy man, Jedermann, who has a section of psychological change and soul saving from to fear death and then to obtain the god's forgiveness, these six monologue poems, which the composer chose, unfold the mental journey which the lead repents. This song-cycle belongs to 'serial music', Martin used Twelve-tone technique to write the music, actually he mixed traditional triad with modern sound mass to make the contrast between the good and evil. Moreover, he also used Syllable music technique to make the spoken grammar, and created each kind of motive to mold each kind of plot. Each kind of motive is appearing continuously with hands over affects, enables between six songs all mutually to have the connections. This set of songs successfully annotates a wealthy man's psychological change and the save of the soul. British Broadcasting Corporation senior music producer Robert Layton said in 1991 that Martin's '6 Monologues from Jedermann' is 'one of the very greatest song-cycles of the century'.