環保海報的符號分析與隱喻性研究

Research of Symbol Analysis and Metaphor of Environment Protecting Poster Design

本研究以「符號學分析法」與「KJ法」兩者並用，進行129件暖化海報樣本中的圖像符號與題材應用分析，分成二大部分進行：(1)海報圖像的符號分析與隱喻性研究(2)環保海報的表現議題與題材分析。抽取8組共12張作品，進行符號的隱喻手法探討，以及主體、載體之間的指涉關係，對其圖像隱喻的構圖原則，分析其目標空間、來源空間、合成空間三者之間的圖像關係。另外共129件作品的海報樣本，以KJ法作歸島方式的歸類整理，依據表現的題材作分類分析與歸納整理。研究結果發現隱喻的手法與類型以「主體和載體混合」的作品件數最多，次之為「主體和載體並置」以及「主體隱藏與載體出現」，最少為「主體出現與載體隱藏」，原因在於暖化海報常使用某一媒介來隱喻象徵暖化的主體，設計者慣用載體媒介來隱喻表現的主體；表現的題材則以北極熊的動物圖像、植物、地球及地圖的表現題材佔多數，原因在於北極熊容易隱喻出北極融冰、生物滅絕的意象；砍伐植物則隱喻出環保與暖化問題；地球與地圖圖像直接陳述暖化造成的全球或區域效應現象，這三項題材最容易表現此次暖化主題，故而百分比較多。

This study is proceeded with Symbol Analysis Method and KJ Method to proceed 129 documents about Graphic Symbol and Subject Application Analysis of Global warming poster samples. It is divided into two parts: (1) Research of symbol analysis and metaphor of poster image. (2) The performance issue and subject analysis of environment protecting poster design. Extract 8 groups of altogether 12 to proceed and discuss metaphor technique of symbol as well as the reference relation between topic and vehicle, and be aimed at metaphoric composition principles of image to analyze the graphic relations among Target Space, Source Space and Blended Space. According to the subject of performance to take other 129 compositions of poster samples be sort by KJ Method. The result of the reasearch discovered that metaphor the technique and the type 'topic and vehicle mixes by the main body' the work number of articles are most, The next best is 'topic and vehicle juxtaposition' as well as 'topic and vehicle appearance', and the least is 'topic appears with the vehicle hideaway'. The reason is that some medium is used to come the metaphor to symbol warming subject in warming poster. And designers habitually use vehicle medium to come the metaphor to perform the subject; while the performance subject by polar bears' image and plants, earth and map take the majority. The reason lies in that polar bears easy metaphor to leave the indication of the melting-ice in north pole and the extinction of creatures; chop plants metaphor to leave the environmental protection and the warming problem; the earth and the map state directly global or the region effect phenomenon that causes by the warming. These three themes are the easiest to express this warming subject, therefore the percentage are quite many.