存在體驗課程與自傳－－W. F. Pinar的高度意識主張

Currere and Autobiography: The Proposal of Pinar's Heightened Consciousness

Pinar開啟了1970年代概念重建運動的版圖，概念重建運動的學術取向可分為關注個體意識和社會結構二方面。Pinar本人的學術觀點偏向個體意識層面，他提出存在體驗課程，並提倡自傳研究，企圖藉由自我理解而達致社會重建的民主理想。Pinar提出的存在體驗課程起越一般的學校課程定，意指個體的生命經驗與歷史時刻之一切交會，自傳方法則運用於個體對生拿歷史的理解過。Freud提出的潛意識和自由聯想技巧、Jung提出的「完全自我」，以及Freire提出的「意識覺醒」和「人性化」概念，對Pinar重視存在體驗課程與自傳研究均賦予深重的影響。存在體驗課程可透過個體自傳而顯現，自傳本身既可作為存在體驗課程的實體，呈現歷程也蘊涵方法步驟的使用，另則，他者自傳、自傳的政治解放及解構功能等概念，均顯現Pinar概念重建理論中對個體生命意義、人性化理念，以及面對與破除外在社會結構箝制的關注。

Pinar initiated the reconceptualization of curriculum field in 1970's. The reconceptualization was divided two dimensions: macro-social structure and micro-self consciousness. And the academic viewpoint of Pinar was apt to focus on individual's consciousness, so he suggested currere and the study of autobiography. Currere and autobiography relates mutually and deeply. The definition of currere means the interweaving of individual's life experience and historical moment that surpasses the general definition of school curriculum. And the autobiography can be used to understand the individual's life history. Firstly, the article explores the influences of Freud, Jung and Freire on Pinar with the concept of currere and autobiography. Secondly, the connotation of currere and autobiography is explored. Thirdly, the latent problems of currere and autobiography are interrogated and discussed. Finally, the implication and conclusion are suggested.