海上書籍之路與日本之圖書傳播－－兼論五山、江戶時代之日本詩學

The Books Road on the Sea and Books Dissemination in Japan: With a Discussion about Japanese Poetics of Gozan and Edo Period

浙江明州到日本九州博多，唐船、宋船往來頻繁。自隋唐以來，形成海上貿易之路。南宋中葉以後，日僧宋僧之往還，多託身於此等船舶，化交流、圖書傳播遂藉此推動。自遣唐使學問僧玄昉帶回佛典經論，入唐八家亦攜回經書。日僧奝然攜回宋太宗所賜新刊「大藏經」，引發日本對印本、摺本之愛好與推廣。其後，入宋日僧持續攜回成百上千卷內外典。從〈請來書目〉、〈台記〉等藏書目錄，可見日人之喜愛珍藏與閱讀接受。由此推想，平安後期、五山、江戶時期，面對雕版印刷崛起，與寫本抄本並駕爭輝，僧侶、士人之閱讀接受將生發那些效應？江戶時期，通往日本長崎的海上書籍之路，傳輸流布豐富而多元之明清詩話，明清詩學尊唐宗宋之消長，遂同步異地而呈現。由此可見，印刷傳媒對於日本詩話中攸關唐音宋調之論述，必有影響。

Thanks to busy trades between Zhe Jiang’s Ming Zhou and Kyushu‘s Hakata, Japan, it gradually became a trade route on the sea since Sui and Tang dynasty. Middle Southern Song afterwards, both Chinese and Japanese monks tended to travel by these kinds of merchantmen, as a result, it also promoted cultural communication and books dissemination. Since scholar monk Genbō, who was also the Japanese envoy to Tang court, brought back many Buddhist canons, there were continually eight Japanese monks taking back lots of Buddhist scriptures. I wonder that how the rise of block printing would affect reading receptive behaviors between monks and literati. Owning to substantial Ming and Qing Shihua spread by the books road to Nagasaki, Japan, in Edo Period, we could see the growth and decline trends of Tang and Song style in Ming and Qing poetics. As a result, printing media does actually influence the discourse on Tang’s tune and Song’s style in Japanese Shihua.