美国学业质量评价的新视点：中间性评价的产生、应用及发展

New Perspective of American Academic Quality Assessment：the Emergence， Application and Development of Interim Assessments

随着建构学业质量评价系统成为当前许多国家通行的做法，在开展学业质量分析时，如何做到“问责与教学反馈两者兼得”成了一个全球性的探索性研究课题。为了解决这一难题，美国提出了中间性评价。中间性评价指的是介乎形成性评价和总结性评价之间的评价。中间性评价的应用大致由三个环节组成：中间性评价测试的开发、基准评价试题库的建立和教师专业发展。中间性评价的突出优势表现在：中间性评价提供的诊断性信息有利于调整教学计划，更好地满足学生的学习需求；中间性评价可用于评价各种课程和教学实践的有效性；中间性评价可以预测学生在年末州级考试的表现。分析中间性评价的产生、应用及发展，对推动我国学业质量评价改革的研究具有一定的借鉴意义。

With the construction of the academic quality assessment system having become a common practice in many countries of the world，how to achieve both accountability and instructional feedback in academic quality analysis has become a global research topic. To solve this problem，the United States proposed interim assessments that fall between formative and summative assessment. The application of interim assessments consists of three components：interim assessments，a benchmark assessment item bank，and professional development. The prominent advantages of interim assessments includes：to provide diagnostic information for adjusting instructional programs to better meet students'learning needs; to evaluate the effectiveness of various curricular and instructional practices; and to predict performance in the end-of-year state tests. To review the emergence，application and development of interim assessments will promote the research on educational quality assessment in our country.