清教革命背景下的英国教育

British Education in the Context of the Puritan Ｒevolution

英国清教徒在培根哲学和夸美纽斯思想的影响下，提出了实施普遍教育、注重教育实用性、推行免费义务教育、改革传统教学方法等内容极为丰富的改革计划。清教革命时期出现的社会动荡虽然对学校和大学都带来了消极影响，但革命胜利后，克伦威尔在教育领域内采取了许多改革措施，使共和国时期的英国教育呈现一派新景象。尽管很快因王政复辟，许多改革计划化为乌有，但清教徒的教育改革理论和实践为英国教育留下了丰硕遗产，其改革实践成了19世纪英国教育大变革的先导。

Affected by Bacon’s Philosophy and Comenius’ thoughts，Puritans advocated general，utilitarian， free and compulsory education，and insisted that traditional teaching methods should be changed． Although schools and universities were affected by social unrests during the Puritan Ｒevolution，Cromwell carried out series of reforms and measures after the claim of sovereignty，which made British education take on a new look． Because of the Ｒestoration，everything went up in vain． However，the theories and practice have become rich legacy for England，and the reforms became the prelude to the great reformation in British education in the 19th century．