單、雙腳高台著地反彈跳之動力學特性分析

KINETICAL ANALYSIS OF SINGLE- AND DOUBLE-LEGGED DROP-JUMP TASKS

目的：比較單、雙腳高台著地反彈跳動作中蹬伸期之動力學特性。方法:以12名大學體育系男性學生為研究對象，進行三種高台著地反彈垂直跳測試：10公分高台單腳（單腳DJ_10公分）、20公分高台雙腳（雙腳DJ_20公分）與40公分高台雙腳（雙腳DJ_40公分）。以一部高速攝影機與一塊三軸測力板擷取資料，並透過動力學逆過程計算淨關節肌肉力矩與功率。以重複量數單因子變異數分析(one-way ANOVA)檢驗三種動作間之各生物力學參數是否有差異，統計水準訂為α＝.05。結果：本研究蹬伸期之結果顯示，在最大垂直地面反作用力方面，單腳DJ_10公分顯著的大於雙腳DJ_20公分與雙腳DJ_40公分。且單腳DJ_10公分之踝關節與膝關節最大力矩顯著的大於雙腳DJ_20公分與雙腳DJ_40公分。另外，單腳DJ_10公分之踝關節最大功率顯著大於雙腳DJ_40公分，單腳DJ_10公分之髖關節最大功率顯著小於雙腳DJ_20公分。結論：以單腳進行高台著地反彈跳動作時其動力學特性與雙腳不同，故本研究推論，以單腳或雙腳進行此增強式訓練時，其肌力與爆發力之訓練成效應會有所不同。

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the kinetics characteristic of single- and double-legged drop jump during push off phase. Methods: Twelve college physically activity men was asked to perform the single-legged drop jump from height of 10 cm (SDJ_10)， and double-legged drop jumps from heights of 20- and 40-cm (DD_J20 and DDJ_40). A high speed camera and one force plate were synchronized to collect the data. The inverse dynamics process was used to calculate the net muscle joint moment and power. One-way ANOVA was used to test for differences in dependent variables among three drop jump tasks. The significance level was set at α = 0.05. Results: The SDJ_10 had a significantly greater vertical ground reaction force and a larger peak ankle extension moment and peak knee extension moment then the DDJ_20 and DDJ_40. The SDJ_10 produced a significantly greater peak ankle concentric power and significantly smaller peak hip concentric power then the DDJ_20 and DDJ_40. Conclusion: There are significant differences between the push off phase kinetics of the single- and double-legged drop jumps. We infer that the plyometric training on single- and double-legged drop jumps， muscle strength and explosive training efficiency should be different.