不同站姿對籃球滑步防守的影響

Effects of stances on basketball defensive slides

前言:本研究目的為利用運動生物力學的方法，闡明籃球比賽中，不同防守站姿對於防守滑步的影響。研究中的三種防守站姿為左腳在前、雙腳平行、右腳在前，分別執行向左後方滑步防守與向右後方滑步防守。方法:實驗以VICON三維動作分析系統收集七位大專乙組男子籃球選手之人體運動學資料，並以Kistler測力板擷取動作中的三維地面反作用力資料，所有資料皆採同步收集。資料的統計分析則以無母數統計法來進行。結果:研究結果顯示，右腳在前向左後滑步與左腳在前向右後滑步兩個不需轉身的防守滑步動作，具有較少的滑步時間(901.01 ± 128.78 ms、880.71 ± 126.22 ms， p<.05)。結論:研究認為，在面對進攻者運球切入時，採取不需轉身的防守站姿更有利於防守者執行滑步防守。

Purpose: In basketball competitions， successful defenses can stop opponents from offending andthen mak11e self-team win the game more possibly. The basic defensive step is slide. Good slideshelp defensive player maintain balance， change direction easy， and move quickly to stop opponentfrom cutting. The critical factor of good defensive slides is proper defensive stance. Purposes ofthis study were to clarify effects of defensive stances on starting defensive slides and then toprovide coaches with these results in training or competitions. Methods: Six tasks including threedefensive stances(left foot in front， two feet parallel and right foot in front)and two conditions(slideto left rear and slide to right rear)were investigated. The three dimensional human kinematic data ofseven healthy male right-leg dominate basketball players were collected by Vicon 3D motioncapture system. And two force plates were used to collect ground reaction force data on two feet ofall subjects. All data were collected synchronously， and non-parametric statistics were used to testdifference between stances in this study. Results: The results showed that the least slide cycle timeand the shortest path length of center of mass appeared in slides without turning body， i.e.， left footin front-slide to right rear(880.71 ± 126.22 ms， 0.39±0.08 BH)and right foot in front-slide to leftrear(901.01 ± 128.78 ms， 0.38±0.09 BH). And there are greater horizontal ground reaction force onstepping foot for slides with greatly tuning， i.e.， left foot in front-slide to left rear(0.52±0.23BW)and right foot in front-slide to right rear(0.66±0.11 BW). Conclusions: Defensive slideswithout turning body showed less time spending， less path of center of mass， less horizontal groundreaction forces on stepping leg. And defenses can do more successful defensive slides by usingdefensive stances without turning body.