女子排球選手前後排扣球技術之分析

Analysis of Female Volleyball Players SpikeSkills at Front-row and Back-row

本硏究針對女子排球選手前排長攻與後排扣球，以三維攝影分析法進行運動學的分析，透過前後排扣球技術的差異性比較，改善女子選手後排攻擊的技術。方法:受試者爲臺灣女子高中甲組排球聯賽冠軍隊的6位選手(年齡17.2 ± 0.4歲；身高173.3 ± 3.4cm；體重65.2 ± 3.3kg；球齡8.3 ± 0.5年），以二咅EJVC9800數位攝影機(120Hz)拍攝受試者前排長攻與後排扣球的動作，以Kwon3D人體動作分析系統計算出各項三維運動學參數。以相依樣本t考驗探討前排長攻與後排扣球動作結構的差異(α=05)。結果：後排扣球有較佳的跳躍高度、起跳-擊球的重心水平位移、起跳-落地的重心水平位移。而前排長攻在擊球點高度、擊球瞬間肩關節與肘關節角度、肩關節角速度、肘關節角速度、腕關節角速度、擊球後球速及擊球角度上有較佳的表現。結論：後排扣球因有較長的助跑距離而有較佳的身體重心位移和跳躍高度，但是在揮臂速度、擊球高度與擊球速度上卻不如前排長攻，筆者認爲選手對於後排扣球的技術較不純熟，導致擊球時機掌握不佳，手臂角度較小，使得揮臂擊球的不流暢而影響球速。因此，未來在訓練時建議應加強後排扣球的揮臂技巧和擊球時機的掌握，使其在最佳的時機擊球，應能提昇其揮臂速度以增加球速。

analysis of spiking at the front-row and back-row， helping to progress the spike skill at back-row.Method: Six high school players participated in this study ( Ages 17.2 ± 0.4 yr， height 173.3 ± 3.4cm， weight 65.2±3.3 kg， and training years 8.3 ± 0.5 yr). Two JVC9800 digital videocameras(120Hz， shutter speed 1/250 sec) was used to collect spiking motion. Kwon 3D motionsystem was used to analyze the three dimension kinematic variables， with the dependence samplet-test treats the difference of performance between front-row and back-row spike(α=.05). Results:The results were indicated that the back-row spike had greater jumping height， the horizontaldisplacement of body centre of mass(CM). The front-row spike had greater impact height， theimpact shoulder angle and elbow angle， the shoulder peak angular velocity， the elbow peak angularvelocity， the wrist peak angular velocity， the ball-release velocity and the impact angle. Conclusion:The back-row spike had longer approach so it had better CM displacement and jump height， but thespeed of swing， the height of impact and the initial ball-release velocity were inferior than thefront-row spike. In my opinion， the reason was that the players could not take the optimum timingof spiking. Therefore players should improve their back-row impact timing and swinging techniqueto increase the initial ball-release velocity.