青年女子舉重運動員抓舉槓鈴運動特性之分析

The Characteristics of the Barbell Movements during Snatch for Young Female Weightlifters

前言：本硏究擬以長時間追蹤青年女子舉重運動員在不同成功試舉重量情況下的槓鈴運動特性，藉此評估運動員的抓舉表現，並試圖了解對不同運動員是否存在有標準的槓鈴運動特性。方法：本硏究對臺灣高雄縣立文山高中三位女子青年舉重運動員的抓舉槓鈴軌跡，進行長時間的追蹤，並由水平及垂直分向的運動特性進行分析，其中S1共取得25筆成功試舉資料，S2共取得15筆成功試舉資料，S3共取得12筆成功試舉資料，本硏究僅以最大重量85%以上的試舉爲分析對象。結果與討論：由相位圖（速度與位置的關係圖）可看出，三位受試者水平方向圖形的模式有很大的差異，而垂直方向的模式則較爲相似。S1抓舉的槓鈴運動特性與臺灣及亞洲優秀男子舉重運動員的特性是相似的，而S2和S3則是在提鈴後槓鈴向前偏移，直到推槓鈴時因槓鈴未靠近身體，在伸髖動作時會將槓鈴往前推出，造成槓鈴獲得較大的向前水平速度，因此身體必須急速前蹲接槓，接槓時由於位置略爲偏前，增加接槓的困難度。結論與建議：三位女子舉重運動員抓舉的槓鈴軌跡，在垂直方向的運動模式變化較小，但水平方向無論在運動員間或同一運動員不同試舉間，皆有較大的變化，但値得注意的是三位受試者在同一天的試舉中卻會呈現較一致的槓鈴運動特性。由本硏究可知對不同的運動員並未存在有標準的槓鈴運動特性。S1的槓鈴在水平方向有比較小的水平位移和速度，此可能爲S1抓舉成績優於其他兩位運動員的主要原因°S2、S3的槓鈴有較大垂直速度，及較高的最大高度，顯示S2、S3的肌肉爆發力應並不亞於S1，因此若能修正準備及提鈴動作，應可改善後續槓鈴推離及接槓的技術表現。

Background: The purpose of this study was to monitor the characteristics of barbell movements during snatch and try to identify whether a standard barbell trajectory is performed by the weightlifters. Methods: The barbell movements of three young female weightlifters have been filmed and the horizontal and vertical movement characteristics were analyzed during snatch for a long period. Results: The phase diagrams of horizontal barbell movements shows the great differences between the three weightlifters. However， the patterns of the vertical barbell movements are similar. The results showed that S1 performed the similar barbell movements to the elite Asian male weightlifters. For S2 and S3， the barbell moved forward during the period between the bar lifting off the platform to clearing the knee. As compared to S1， S2 and S3 performed greater forward horizontal velocity of barbell and increased the degree of difficulty to catch the bar. Base on the kinematical analysis of the barbell movement for a long period， the lifters seemed to perform the similar barbell movements on the same day. Conclusions: There seems to be no unique barbell path that the lifters perform during the snatch. However， the similar barbell movement characteristic was found for the lifer on the same day.