六周震動訓練介入對青少年短跑選手100公尺表現之影響

Effects of 6-week whole body vibration training on 100-meter sprint performance in teenage athletes

前言：震動刺激近年來在國際間形成新式肌力與爆發力訓練的運動器材輔具，可刺激神經肌肉而立即增進下肢爆發性運動表現。然而青少年正値運動神經發展與速度能力提升的關鍵時期，是否可只透過震動刺激介入就能產生神經適應性，進而改善衝刺表現？因此，本硏究目的：欲瞭解六周震動刺激訓練介入對於青少年短跑選手100公尺速度表現之影響。方法：徵召二十位國中田徑隊短跑選手，隨機分配震動訓練組與半蹲控制組，每組各十人。請受試者以膝屈曲120度半蹲在震動刺激平臺上，只有震動組提供30Hz及振幅爲8mm的震動刺激，從事六周運動訓練，每週三次，每次一分鐘的訓練。於六周訓練介入前、後進行100公尺短跑測試。結果：實驗組在接受六周的震動刺激訓練後，一百公尺成績顯著進步1.92%，並顯著優於控制組的0.34%，其中震動組的10〜20m、20〜30m、40〜50m、50〜60m間的分段平均速度有顯著性的增強效果，達3.2%的增進效果，其他區段則無顯著增進作用。結論與建議：經過六周震動刺激訓練介入後有顯著助於100短跑運動表現，尤其在前60公尺的增進效益特別突出，因此從事短距離衝刺運動項目的青少年選手可接受長期震動刺激，以增進該運動表現。

Background: Whole body vibration (WBV)， owing to its capability of inducing an adaptation in neuromuscular functions， was recently extensively used to enhance the explosive lower extremity performance in adult and has become a newly sport equipment. However， the major neuromuscular development is known to take place in the adolescent age. Therefore， the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 6 week WBV training on the sprint performance of teenagers. Methods: 20 male high-school athletes were recruited to be subjects， and randomly separated into the vibration and control groups， 10 subjects each. The participants were asked to perform 120 degree knee flexion on the WVB plate-form， and only the participants in the vibration group were given a 30Hz， 8mm vibration stimulation， 3 times per week. The vibration simulation consisted of 3 sets of 1-min static squat and a 10-min rest between sets， so the total training duration was 30 min. A 100 m running test was given before and after the training. Results: The time of 100 m improved significantly in the vibration group by 1.92%， comparing with 0.34% in the control group after 6 week of WBV training. Moreover， the avrage velocity of the intervals of 10-20 m， 20-30 m and 40-50 m in the vibration group increased significantly with an overall gain of 3.2%. Other interval speed among 2 groups showed no difference in pre and post training. Conclusion: The sprint performance in vibration group was significantly faster than control group after 6 weeks of WBV training， especially in the distance of 0〜60 meters. Therefore， teenage sprint athletes could adopt the WBV intervention to improve sprint performance.