美日职业教育理念的转型与普通高等教育改革

Career Education and the Reform of General Higher Education in the United States and Japan

职业教育曾经只是作为一种使受教育者具备从事某种特定职业所需要的专门知识、技能以及职业道德的教育而相对独立于普通教育。五六十年前，职业教育在美国获得一种新的身份———作为一种培养受教育者的职业观和提高其职业能力的教育，它成为普通教育的一个组成部分。二十来年前，日本引进这一新型职业教育理念，并以国家政府之力推进它的本土化，从制度上将其纳入普通高等教育。

As a type of education aimed at teaching the educated specialized knowledge， skills andprofessional ethics required by a certain occupation， vocational education used to be relatively independent ofgeneral education. Fifty or sixty years ago， vocational education transformed to career education that cultivatesprofessional view and improves professional capabilities as a part of general education in the United States. Abouttwenty years ago， the new concept of career education was introduced to Japan and its localization was vigorouslypromoted by the Japanese government， establishing a relatively complete system that integrates career educationinto general higher education.