抗战时期高校统一招考制度的试行及其反思

Unified Enrollment System on a Trial Basis in Colleges and UniversitiesDuring the Anti-Japanese War and Its Reflection

1938 年至1940 年期间试行的高校统一招生考试，是我国有高考以来的第一次尝试。其出发点既是为了便利学生，也是为了统一招生标准，同样还有基于宣示政府的合法性和权威性，以及实现政府对高等学校发展控制的隐性功能，而这些恰恰是这个时期推行该政策的真实动因所在。统一招考制度中存在的统一与自主、理想与现实的矛盾冲突，今天依然值得我们思考。

Between 1938 and 1940， China launched college entrance examination for the first time in history.This endeavor had multiple purposes: to enhance the convenience of students， to unify college admission standards，to declare the legitimacy and authority of government， as well as to realize the potential political function ofcontrolling the development of HEIs by government. And the latter purposes proved to be the real motivation toimplement the policy at that period. Unified enrollment system exhibits contradictions between unity andautonomy and between ideal and reality， which are still worthy of our consideration today.