影响高等教育入学机会公平性的指标体系之厘定

A Factor-Based Index of Equality in Higher Education Opportunities

高等教育的人学机会公平性因为没有一个科学的指标体系而无法衡量，因而，对招生政策深层改革造成了负面影响。本文首先通过分析2001年以来发表的以高等教育公平为研究内容的论文，得出影响高等教育人学机会公平性的指标体系，然后对调查所得数据和教育统计数据进行因子分析，计算出每项指标影响高等教育入学机会公平性的权重，从而得到一个可评价高等教育人学机会公平性的指标体系。研究结果显示，民族差距在高等教育入学机会公平的总体影响中所占权重比例最大，其他依次为省际差距、城乡差距、阶层差距和性别差距。

There is no scientific index for assessing equality in higher education opportunities This has a negative effect on the reforming of admissions policies. Based on the content analysis of papers regarding equality in higher education opportunities published since 2001，this study examines and identifies factors that have an impact on the issue，calculates the weight of each factor based on a factor analysis of survey data and educational statistics，and develops a factor-based index of equality in higher ed* ucation opportunities. The findings show that nationality has the most significant effect on equality， followed by province of origin，home location (urban versus rural)，social class，and gender.